"Chance and its functions"

- Zero point cinematic style, trying to cover everything without trying.
- Editing has a key role in writing film.
- The accidental sometimes creates better shots than planning.
- Classic Hollywood continuity.
- Sound film creates stars and becomes 'star-driven'.
- Sound film removes the 'accidental' defect.
- Describes 'rebellion' against many film movements including Cinema Verite and Dogme 95.
- Says all these wanted to take film away from the Hollywood sound and studio films and get films back into the real world, on location.

- 'Nightmail' (1936) was controlled. It was a fully promotional 'documentary'. The actors were told to rock back and forth to make it look as though they were on a train but in fact they were in a studio.
- 'Louisiana Story' (1948) consisted of beautiful, flowing external shots with music, but when inside dealing with dialogue the everything is wooden and static.
- 'Jazz Dance' (1954) used sounds to make it look like it was all synch-sound but was in fact non-synch. This allowed the cameraman to be less weighed down by the huge heavy equipment.